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Abstract calculations

This tutorial illustrates how to do "abstract" calculations using Atlas package. To do this we use simple manifolds (such as Euclidean space, curves and 2-dimensional surfaces) just to illustrate the corresponding abilities.

What we do?

  • First of all, some possible calculations with symbolic dimension will be considered.
    • After that we calculate the metric and second fundamental forms on abstract "rotational" surface defined by parametric equations where () and () are some undefined functions on :
    {
    x=()cos()
    y=()cos()
    z=()
    • Lastly the same invariants will be calculated for an abstract surface defined by the equation where z is undefined function on x and y:
    z=z(x,y)

Examples:

Domain[manifold]manifold - identifier - a manifold name or a name of a manifold domain
Functions[f1→f1[x1,x2,...,xn],f2→f2[y1,y2,...,ym],...,
fk→fk[z1,z2,...,zj]]		fk=fk(z1, z2, ..., zj) - equations where fk-function identifier and zj - variables.
Vectors[v1,v2,...,vi,...,vn]vi - vector identivier.
Forms[f1→n,f2→k,...,fi→p]fi=p-equations wherefi-form identifier andpis a variable or an integer-the form's degree.
Coframe[idj,{j,1,n}]id-identifier for indexed variable-the coframe 1-forms. n-dimension of working manifold (a variable or integer). idi→ expri-equation where idiis indexed variable-coframe 1-form and expriis decomposition of the 1-form on exact 1-forms.
Frame[idj]idj-indexed variable the frame vectors.
Connection[id]id-variable-connection identifier.
div[expr]expr-any vector expression.
Lv1,v2,v3...,vn[expr]expr-any expression (on which Lie derivative is defined). v1, v2, v3..., vn-vector fields.

Necessary functions.

Abstract calculations with symbolic dimension

First of all we load Atlas package:
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Declare some functions:
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Declare some vectors:
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Declare some forms:
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Declare coframe 1-forms:
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Declare frame vectors:
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Declare connection:
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Using d- procedure. For functions:
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Obviously that:
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Using ToBasis- procedure:
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Using div- procedure:
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Using Lie derivative:
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Another domain:
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Declare constant :
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Declare forms:
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Declare vectors:
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Let us declare another coframe:
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And another frame:
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Abstract calculations with numeric dimension

Now we reload the atlas package:
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Domain R3

This domain is just 3-dimensional Euclidean space:
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Declare 1-forms for to use them as a coframe:
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Declare vector fields to use them as a frame:
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Declare coframe 1-forms:
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Declare frame vectors:
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Declare flat metric:
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Connection calculation:
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Who[l]l -an identifier, list or set of identifies.
Metric[id→expr]id - variable - metric identifier. expr - expression - metric declaration.
Riemann[id]id-variable-corresponding identifier.
Ricci[id]id-variable-corresponding identifier.
RicciScalar[id]id-variable-corresponding identifier.
Projectors[f]f-mapping identifier

Necessary functions.

"Rotational" surface

Now we operate on a surface:
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Declare 1-forms for coframe:
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Declare vector fields for frame:
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Coframe declaration for the surface:
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Frame declaration for the surface:
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Now we declare mapping of the surface into the Euclidean space R3:
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Visualize the mapping:
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Let us see the attributes of the mapping:
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After that we can calculate metric induced on the surface by the mapping:
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Calculation of the corresponding connection and curvature:
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Let us see the result:
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Now we can calculate the corresponding curvature:
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The result is:
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Calculation of riemannian and ricci tensors of the embedded surface:
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Calculation of ricci scalar of the embedded surface:
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One can see any of the rsults in traditional form:
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We can also calculate the invariants (the second fundamental form and mean curvature vector) of the embedding:
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Let us extract the second fundamental form:
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Now we can calculate the corresponding tensor:
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One can also calculate the corresponding projectors:
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An abstract surface

Now current manifold is a surface:
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Declare functions:
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Declare 1-forms for the surface coframe:
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Declare vector fields for the surface frame:
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Coframe declaration for the surface:
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Frame declaration for the surface:
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Now we declare embedding of the surface into R3:
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Let us see the mapping attributes:
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After that we can calculate metric induced on the surface by the embedding:
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Let us calculate the invariants of the embedding:
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One can also calculate the corresponding projectors:
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